{"id":518,"date":"2018-08-22T16:46:14","date_gmt":"2018-08-22T16:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/?p=518"},"modified":"2018-11-06T14:09:17","modified_gmt":"2018-11-06T14:09:17","slug":"nove-omezeni-moznosti-vylouceni-uredni-osoby-z-rozhodovani-pro-podjatost-novelou-spravniho-radu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/2018\/08\/22\/nove-omezeni-moznosti-vylouceni-uredni-osoby-z-rozhodovani-pro-podjatost-novelou-spravniho-radu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 omezen\u00ed mo\u017enosti vylou\u010den\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby z rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed pro podjatost novelou spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dne 1.11.2018 nabude \u00fa\u010dinnosti novela spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du proveden\u00e1 z\u00e1konem \u010d. 176\/2018 Sb. Tato nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 novela o jednom \u010dl\u00e1nku dopl\u0148uje do \u00a714 spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du nov\u00fd odstavec 2, kter\u00fdm se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed podjatost \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby. Nov\u00fd odstavec 2 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e<em>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed osoba nen\u00ed vylou\u010dena podle odstavce 1, pokud je pochybnost o jej\u00ed nepodjatosti vyvol\u00e1na jej\u00edm slu\u017eebn\u00edm pom\u011brem nebo pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm nebo jin\u00fdm obdobn\u00fdm vztahem ke st\u00e1tu nebo k \u00fazemn\u00edmu samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu celku.<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Jde o legislativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro st\u00e1t nevhodn\u011b se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed judikatury Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu ohledn\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti, kter\u00e1 (dle n\u00e1zoru z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce extenzivn\u011b) vykl\u00e1dala podm\u00ednky vylou\u010den\u00ed z\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby podle \u00a714 odst. 1 spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du \u2013 syst\u00e9movou podjatost.<\/p>\n<p>Ustanoven\u00ed \u00a714 odst. 1 spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e<em>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba bezprost\u0159edn\u011b se pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00ed na v\u00fdkonu pravomoci spr\u00e1vn\u00edho org\u00e1nu (d\u00e1le jen &#8222;\u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoba&#8220;), o n\u00ed\u017e lze d\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee m\u00e1 s ohledem na sv\u016fj pom\u011br k v\u011bci, k \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo jejich z\u00e1stupc\u016fm takov\u00fd z\u00e1jem na v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pro n\u011bj\u017e lze pochybovat o jej\u00ed nepodjatosti, je vylou\u010dena ze v\u0161ech \u00fakon\u016f v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159i jejich\u017e prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed by mohla v\u00fdsledek \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ovlivnit.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Tato judikatura stanovila podm\u00ednky vzniku syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby tak, \u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>existuje zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fd pom\u011br \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby k\u00a0subjektu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy,<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1jem subjektu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy na v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (vztah k\u00a0projedn\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u011bci) a<\/li>\n<li>dal\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dnosti zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 ovlivnit postoj \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby k\u00a0v\u011bci jin\u00fdmi ne\u017e z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky (jak cituje d\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u2013 jevy v politick\u00e9 nebo medi\u00e1ln\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e, z\u00e1jem vlivn\u00fdch osob na v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kontroverzn\u00ed povaha rozhodovan\u00e9 v\u011bci).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podle d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zp\u016fsobuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1mitek podjatosti a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed jin\u00fdm ne\u017e m\u00edstn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Co vlastn\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 v\u011bta znamen\u00e1? Podle d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy znamen\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u011b to, \u017ee \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoba nen\u00ed vylou\u010dena z\u00a0d\u016fvodu podjatosti proto, \u017ee m\u00e1 slu\u017eebn\u00ed \u010di pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed nebo jin\u00fd obdobn\u00fd vztah ke st\u00e1tu nebo \u00fazemn\u00edmu samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu celku, a\u010dkoliv se dan\u00e1 v\u011bc p\u0159\u00edmo nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo t\u00fdk\u00e1 st\u00e1tu nebo p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho \u00fazemn\u00edho samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho celku. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, ani pokud je nap\u0159\u00edklad obec \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a rozhoduje se o jej\u00ed v\u011bci, nen\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoba dan\u00e9 obce vylou\u010dena z\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o dan\u00e9 v\u011bci z\u00a0d\u016fvodu podjatosti.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm ov\u0161em d\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va k\u00a0novele sv\u016fj v\u00fdklad nekon\u010d\u00ed. Pokra\u010duje v\u00a0objasn\u011bn\u00ed smyslu dan\u00e9ho ustanoven\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00a0tom sm\u011bru, \u017ee \u00fadajn\u011b argumentem a maiori ad minus (pro nelatin\u00edky logick\u00fdm argumentem od v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho k\u00a0men\u0161\u00edmu) je t\u0159eba dovodit, \u017ee nedojde k\u00a0syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti ani v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee k\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpadu p\u0159istoup\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 by mohla b\u00fdt d\u016fvodem syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by podjatost z\u00a0d\u016fvodu pracovn\u00edho nebo slu\u017eebn\u00edho pom\u011bru nebyla vylou\u010dena p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1konem. D\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va takovou dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159istupuj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnost v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na judikaturu uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159. jevy v\u00a0politick\u00e9 nebo medi\u00e1ln\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e, z\u00e1jem vlivn\u00fdch osob na v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u00a0 &#8211; a to v\u00fdslovn\u011b i v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee tyto skute\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00edmo nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo souvisej\u00ed s\u00a0existenc\u00ed dan\u00e9ho vztahu \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby ke st\u00e1tu nebo k\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edmu samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu celku.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy to m\u00e1 znamenat, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad nen\u00ed z\u00a0d\u016fvodu podjatosti vylou\u010dena \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoba, kter\u00e1 o v\u011bci rozhoduje jako zam\u011bstnanec obecn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu, v\u011bc se p\u0159\u00edmo t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 obce (nap\u0159\u00edklad je i \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed) a nav\u00edc nap\u0159\u00edklad nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd takov\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby je politikem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1jem pro sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 c\u00edle a snad dokonce i v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy existuje podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00a0tohoto titulu na \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osobu p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nal\u00e9h\u00e1. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu ze dne 20.11.2012, sp. zn. 1 As 89\/2010-119, uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady: \u201e<em>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1jem politick\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u016f \u010di jin\u00fdch v r\u00e1mci dan\u00e9ho \u00fazemn\u00edho samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho celku vlivn\u00fdch osob (nap\u0159. z\u00e1kulisn\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f m\u00edstn\u00ed politiky \u010di podnikatelsk\u00fdch subjekt\u016f) na ur\u010dit\u00e9m v\u00fdsledku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (nap\u0159. na tom, aby ur\u010dit\u00e1 stavba, \u010dinnost apod. byla povolena, anebo naopak nepovolena);<\/em>\u201c a \u201e<em>Zjevn\u011b a bez dal\u0161\u00edho pak uveden\u00fdmi skute\u010dnostmi budou podez\u0159en\u00ed z n\u00e1tlaku \u010di snahy p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnit rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jej\u00edho zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vztahu.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n<p>U\u017eit\u00ed logick\u00e9ho argumentu a maiori ad minus dle d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy je zjevn\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce tak jin\u00fdmi slovy uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee pokud vylou\u010dil mo\u017enost podjatosti z\u00a0d\u016fvodu pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby ke st\u00e1tu \u010di \u00fazemn\u00edmu samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9m celku v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy se jedn\u00e1 o v\u011bc t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edmo st\u00e1tu \u010di \u00fazemn\u00edmu samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu celku, je toto u\u017e samo o sob\u011b tak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee pak u\u017e je vlastn\u011b v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm nepodstatn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0jak\u00e9m smyslu je takov\u00e1 argumentace argumentem a maiori ad minus? Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno je argument d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy takov\u00fd, \u017ee pokud je stanoveno velk\u00e9 omezen\u00ed pro z\u00e1v\u011br o neexistenci podjatosti \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby ur\u010dit\u00fdm z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fdm d\u016fvodem, nen\u00ed podjatost d\u00e1na ani v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je d\u00e1n takov\u00fd z\u00e1konn\u00fd d\u016fvod a k\u00a0n\u011bmu existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvody pro z\u00e1v\u011br o podjatosti (dle d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy men\u0161\u00ed, a\u010dkoliv i o tom lze pochybovat). Takov\u00fd argument je zcela nelogick\u00fd. Argumentem a maiori ad minus by byl podpo\u0159en z\u00e1v\u011br o neexistenci syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by z\u00e1kon stanovil ur\u010dit\u00fd \u2013 z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy nelze usuzovat na syst\u00e9movou podjatost, takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad by nenastal, ale nastal by p\u0159\u00edpad jin\u00fd, obdobn\u00fd, kdy by jinak bylo podez\u0159en\u00ed na syst\u00e9movou podjatost, ale m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd. Pak by skute\u010dn\u011b bylo argumentem a maiori ad minus vylou\u010deno, aby o syst\u00e9movou podjatost v\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo. D\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va se v\u0161ak argumentem a maiori ad minus sna\u017e\u00ed obhajovat tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee vylou\u010den\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00e9ho z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu ze syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti se takov\u00e9 vylou\u010den\u00ed vztahuje i na situace, kdy je d\u00e1n takov\u00fd z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad a rovn\u011b\u017e je d\u00e1n sou\u010dasn\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee navrhovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava nen\u00ed v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0\u00fastavn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dkem \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Pokud jde o samotn\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed novely, pak lze souhlasit s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee nen\u00ed proti\u00fastavn\u00edm, pokud je vylou\u010den vznik podjatosti jen v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee o v\u011bci rozhoduje \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoba v\u00a0pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm vztahu k\u00a0org\u00e1nu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b takov\u00e9ho restriktivn\u00edho v\u00fdkladu, pokud jde o vylou\u010den\u00ed podjatosti podle nov\u00e9ho \u00a714 odstavce 2 spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, by z\u00e1le\u017eitost byla v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku a takov\u00fd v\u00fdklad by byl i v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou judikaturou Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu.<\/p>\n<p>Ov\u0161em o tom, \u017ee extenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdklad podan\u00fd d\u016fvodovou zpr\u00e1vou nen\u00ed v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0\u00fastavn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dkem, lze pochybovat. Relevantn\u00ed judikatura Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu (kterou se novela a zejm\u00e9na obsah d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ekonat), je zalo\u017eena rovn\u011b\u017e na aplikaci Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod, a to \u00fastavn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na spravedliv\u00fd proces.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va sice nen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou, nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159edstavuje pro v\u00fdklad pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu \u00fa\u010del pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu a vyjad\u0159uje z\u00e1m\u011br z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce. S\u00a0t\u00edm bude t\u0159eba se v\u00a0budoucnu vypo\u0159\u00e1dat a lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee tato legislativn\u00ed zm\u011bna \u00fapravy syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 podjatosti bude v\u00a0judikatu\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b \u0159e\u0161ena, snad jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, ne\u017e je uvedeno v\u00a0d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dne 1.11.2018 nabude \u00fa\u010dinnosti novela spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du proveden\u00e1 z\u00e1konem \u010d. 176\/2018 Sb. Tato nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 novela o jednom \u010dl\u00e1nku dopl\u0148uje do \u00a714 spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du nov\u00fd odstavec 2, kter\u00fdm se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed podjatost \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby. Nov\u00fd odstavec 2 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed osoba nen\u00ed vylou\u010dena podle odstavce 1, pokud je pochybnost o jej\u00ed nepodjatosti vyvol\u00e1na jej\u00edm slu\u017eebn\u00edm pom\u011brem nebo &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/2018\/08\/22\/nove-omezeni-moznosti-vylouceni-uredni-osoby-z-rozhodovani-pro-podjatost-novelou-spravniho-radu\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Nov\u00e9 omezen\u00ed mo\u017enosti vylou\u010den\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed osoby z rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed pro podjatost novelou spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19],"tags":[21,20],"yst_prominent_words":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":623,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions\/623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=518"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lukeslegal.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}